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Knee Microfracture Surgery
This minimally invasive procedure works by harnessing your body's natural healing potential, stimulating the bone marrow to produce new 'fibrocartilage' to fill the gaps where your original cartilage has worn away. Our expert orthopaedic consultants serve patients across Yorkshire, including Sheffield and Doncaster, providing a clear path from chronic knee pain back to an active lifestyle.
Medically Reviewed By
Mr Vasu Karri, MBBS, BSc(Hons), MSc, FRCS(Plast) • Updated 2026-01-17
Knee microfracture surgery is a minimally invasive procedure that stimulates the growth of new cartilage by creating tiny holes in the bone to release stem cells. This condition affects many people across Yorkshire, impacting their daily activities and quality of life. Early intervention and expert treatment are essential for achieving optimal outcomes.
At Kinvara Private Hospital in Rotherham, our experienced orthopaedic consultants provide comprehensive knee microfracture surgery | cartilage repair services using the latest minimally invasive techniques and evidence-based protocols. Our patient-centered approach ensures you receive personalized care tailored to your specific needs and lifestyle goals.
Serving patients across Sheffield, Barnsley, Doncaster, and the wider Yorkshire region, we understand the impact that knee conditions can have on your daily life. Our dedicated team is committed to helping you achieve the best possible outcomes through expert diagnosis, advanced treatment options, and comprehensive rehabilitation support.
Am I a Candidate for Knee Microfracture Surgery?
You may be an ideal candidate if:
• You have a single, isolated area of cartilage loss (lesion) less than 2cm in size
• Your knee alignment is normal (you are not excessively bow-legged or knock-kneed)
• You are motivated to follow a strict 6-week non-weight bearing recovery plan
• You are under the age of 55, as younger bone has higher regenerative potential.
During your consultation at Kinvara Hospital, we will use MRI scans to map the exact size and depth of your cartilage defect to ensure this is the right procedure for you.
Our All-Inclusive Promise
- Fixed-price packages including surgery, surgeon, and anaesthetist fees
- Comprehensive hospital stay and nursing care included in the quote
- Pre-operative health assessment and all post-operative follow-ups included
- Flexible 0% interest finance options available for up to 12 months
- No hidden extra costs for standard surgical consumables or dressings
What is Knee Microfracture Surgery?
Knee microfracture surgery is a specialized arthroscopic procedure aimed at treating localized areas of cartilage damage, known as chondral defects. Unlike a total knee replacement, which replaces the entire joint surface, microfracture surgery is a joint-preservation technique. It targets small areas where the underlying bone is exposed due to the loss of smooth articular cartilage.
The procedure is performed using 'keyhole' surgery. The surgeon creates several tiny holes in the subchondral bone (the bone just beneath the cartilage) using a specialized tool called an awl. These small 'micro-fractures' trigger a healing response by allowing blood and bone marrow-derived stem cells to flow into the damaged area. These cells eventually form a 'super-clot' that matures into a new layer of fibrocartilage.
While fibrocartilage is not identical to the body’s original hyaline cartilage, it provides a functional, durable surface that cushions the joint and reduces bone-on-bone friction. This approach is particularly effective for patients with well-defined, isolated defects who wish to avoid or significantly delay the need for major joint replacement surgery.
At a Glance
Surgery Duration
30 - 60 minutes
Anaesthetic
General or Spinal
Hospital Stay
Day Case
Non-Weight Bearing
6 weeks
Full Recovery
6 - 9 months
Follow-up
2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months
Benefits of This Procedure
- Promotes the growth of new cartilage tissue in previously bare areas
- Significantly reduces deep joint pain and inflammation during movement
- Delays the requirement for partial or total knee replacement surgery
- Minimally invasive approach with very small incisions and minimal scarring
- Preserves the natural anatomy and biomechanics of the knee joint
- High success rate (approx. 80%) in providing long-term symptomatic relief
The Procedure
Knee microfracture surgery is a precision procedure performed arthroscopically. The surgery is typically a day case, focusing on stimulating your body's internal regenerative capabilities.
- 1
Small 6mm incisions are made to allow the arthroscope and surgical tools into the joint.
- 2
The surgeon removes any loose or unstable cartilage flaps to create a clean, stable edge around the defect.
- 3
A specialized surgical awl is used to create tiny, 3-4mm deep holes in the exposed bone surface.
- 4
The surgeon confirms that marrow and blood (containing stem cells) are flowing from the holes to form a clot.
- 5
The joint is carefully irrigated to ensure no debris remains, and the tiny incisions are closed with strips.
- 6
A compressive bandage and sometimes a cooling wrap are applied to manage immediate post-op swelling.
What to Expect During Recovery
Recovery Timeline
Week 1-6
This is the most critical phase. You must remain strictly non-weight bearing on crutches to allow the delicate stem cell clot to stabilize and turn into tissue. You may use a CPM (Continuous Passive Motion) machine to keep the joint moving without pressure.
Week 6-12
You will gradually begin to put weight through the leg as guided by your physiotherapist. Strengthening exercises for the calf and hip begin, but you will still avoid any impact or twisting movements.
Month 3-6
The new cartilage begins to harden. You will transition to low-impact activities like swimming or cycling on a stationary bike with low resistance. Physiotherapy focuses on building 'functional' strength.
Month 6-9
Full recovery phase. If the cartilage has matured sufficiently, you may be cleared for running and pivoting sports. Most patients see maximum benefit between 9 and 12 months post-surgery.
Key Recovery Points
- Strict non-weight bearing for 6 weeks is the number one factor for surgical success
- Keep the leg elevated and iced frequently to manage early-stage swelling
- Use a stationary bike (without resistance) early on to promote cartilage health
- Avoid all impact sports until cleared by your consultant at the 6-month check
Risks and Complications
While microfracture surgery is a standard joint-preservation procedure, it requires a significant commitment to recovery. Our team will guide you through the risks to ensure you are fully prepared.
Cartilage Breakdown
Uncommon (depends on activity)The new fibrocartilage is not as strong as original hyaline cartilage and may wear down over several years.
Blood Clots (DVT)
Low (1-2%)Due to the 6-week non-weight bearing period, there is a risk of leg clots. We provide exercises and sometimes medication to prevent this.
Joint Stiffness
Low (2-3%)Excessive scar tissue can lead to reduced range of motion if the CPM machine or early exercises are not used.
Infection
Rare (<1%)A minor risk associated with any keyhole surgery. Managed with strict sterile protocols and antibiotics.
Frequently Asked Questions
Our Orthopaedic Consultants
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